Australian Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Australian Health Care - Essay Example All other duties such as cooking and housekeeping must be assigned to close relatives such as grandmothers or aunts or even paid help (The New Mother - Taking Care of Yourself after Birth). In such circumstances, home visits of an enrolled nurse assume importance for not only providing medical care but also to assist in maintaining hygienic environment so that the mother recovers health that she enjoyed in pre-pregnancy period. The purpose of home visits on ladies who preferred to leave hospitals early after delivery was to ensure these ladies continued to receive medical and hygienic care required by the human body after birth. The concept is not as easy as it appears. There are quite a bit of things to get accustomed to for an enrolled nurse. The child bearing women have their own families and peculiarities and the enrolled nurse must get accustomed to the needs of the woman as well as others in the family. The nurse may attend to the needs of the woman alone. However, she must have communications adjustments with others in the family. The most important decision for the mother is the baby. The emotional and physical well being of the mother is directly related to the good health of the newly born baby. This period involves many changes and learning. It involves both parents and the adjustments they go through to make the baby feel welcome. First of all, the family must be aware of the visits. ... This period involves many changes and learning. It involves both parents and the adjustments they go through to make the baby feel welcome. First of all, the family must be aware of the visits. They must be told of the time when they could expect the visit, and how many people would be making the visit. In case there is someone accompanying the nurse, the family must be informed. The visits are professional and concern the health of the mother and the baby. Thus, the nurse and her companion, if any, will naturally be treated with respect. On her part, the nurse must make sure that she visits the family at the appointed time. Any delay must be informed on phone. Not all child bearing women are healthy. There may be cases where women have chronic ailments. There may be women with diabetes, blood pressure complications, viral fevers, and other health issues. The chances of diabetic pregnant women getting abortion increase with the degree of risk. This is because the healing process for infection and other wounds is much slower than that of a normal person (Hanif, Sadia). Then there may be women with normal health but there are relatives in the house who have their own peculiar nature that may not correspond with the disposition of the nurse. Yet, in spite of these drawbacks, the enrolled nurse must perform the visits and attend the medical needs of the women. Postnatal, the medical care of the women who have delivered remains similar to patients who continue in the hospital. Most probably, budget constraints make the women decide to return home earlier. The enrolled nurse will also check on any material in the house that may pose a threat to the mother or baby, such as sharp

Problem Question Aviator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Problem Question Aviator - Essay Example (An Airprox is a situation in which, in the opinion of a pilot or a controller, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speed have been such that the safety of the aircraft involved was or may have been compromised.( UK Airprox Board available at http://www.airproxboard.org.uk/). The private pilot Jack should first of all be advised about the above disastrous effects that could have been caused by his actions of omission and commission which can be classed as those ranging from negligence, and breach of duty to downright vandalism. The potential liabilities due to various infringements have been examined and are as listed below:- i) The following provisions specified in Part A of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of anyone of which can, as per Article 148(5), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding Level 4 on the standard scale. ii) The following provisions specified in Part B of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of anyone of which can, as per Article 148(6), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum and on conviction on indictment to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both. iii) The following provision specified in Part C of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of of which can, as per Article 148(7), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum and on conviction on indictment to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or both. i) Jack is liable for disciplinary action, including revoking/suspension of his personnel license from the CAA for prima facie infringement of the following condition specified in paragraph 1.175 of JAR–FCL 1. â€Å"Circumstances in which an IR(A) is required (a) The holder of a

The City Of Bath, England

The City Of Bath, England The City of Bath and the beautiful countryside which surrounds it have been described as one of Englands most beautiful places to visit. Bath is situated within the south west of England and is a fabulous city to visit. The population  [1]  of the city is 169,040. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590. The city was founded, among surrounding hills, in the valley of the River Avon around naturally occurring hot springs where the Romans built baths and a temple, giving it the name Aquae Sulis. Much later, it became popular as a spa resort during the Georgian era, which led to a major expansion that left a heritage of exemplary Georgian architecture crafted from Bath Stone. Bath and its stunning surrounding countryside offers tourists a multitude of fantastic places to visit from stately homes and gardens to the impressive Stonehenge. As City of Bath the city became a World Heritage Site in 1987. The city has a variety of theatres, museums, and other cultural and sporting venues, which have helped to make it a major centre for tourism, with over one million staying visitors and 3.8 million day visitors to the city each year  [2]  . The city has two universities and several schools and colleges. There is a large service sector and growing information and communication technologies and creative industries, providing employment for the population of Bath and the surrounding area. Source: www.maps.google.co.uk Historical Background: A city which is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, making it the ideal city break destination and Bath is a World Heritage City (UNESCO), featuring the famous Roman Baths Pump Room and simply stunning Georgian period architecture. The history of city came across the different periods started from Roman era. Roman Period: After the Invasion of Britain by Romans in 43 AD, Bath was also occupied by Romans. The worship of Sulis continued in the Roman times. Thats why during Roman period, grand temples, and bathing complexes were built. In the 3rd century, the city was given defensive walls. But with the start of 4th century, the Roman Empire and its urban sprawl declined while the some of the suit of Baths were in use.The Roman Baths Post Roman and Saxon Period: In this period, the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle mentioned the falling of Bath into West Saxons after the battle of Deorham in 577 AD. The name `Bath` came from the Baoum or Baoan given by Anglo-Saxons. By the 9th century, after the Royal possession, the old Roman street pattern had been lost and with King Alfred laid out the town afresh leaving abbey precinct in the south. Norman, Medieval and Tudor Period: By the 15th century, some major churches were badly dilapidated like the abbey Church. After the status of Spa city, the baths were improved and maintained; city began to attract the aristocracy again. Finally in 1590, Bath was granted as city status by Royal Charter. 17th Century Period: In this period, the heath giving properties of the hot mineral waters came to the attention of whole country and the aristocracy also started to partake in them, invented by the Thomas Guidott, a student of chemistry from Wadham College Oxford in 1676. Also he wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there with some inquiries into the nature of water. Old Character of Bath Streets Georgian Period: There had been much rebuilding in the Stuart period, but this was eclipsed by the massive expansion of Bath in Georgian times. The old town within the walls was also largely rebuilt. This was a response to the continuing demand for elegant accommodation for the citys fashionable visitors, for whom Bath had become a pleasure resort as well as a spa. In the early 18th century, the development of first purpose-built theatre, assembly rooms etc came into existence. The use of Sedan Chairs also can be seen into this period by Grand Georgian people (rich people). Victorian Period: In this period, Bath crossed the population of 40020 according to Census 1801 it came into the list of largest cities of Britain. Bath Spa rail station was also built in this period for the Great Western Railway. 20th Century Period: During World War II, Bath faced three air raids, 400 people were killed and more than 19000 buildings were damaged destroyed. Houses in the Royal Crescent, Circus and Paragon were burnt out along with the Assembly Rooms, while part of the south side of Queen Square was destroyed. All have since been reconstructed, and regeneration work is continuing. Since 2000, developments have included the Bath Spa, South Gate and the Bath Western Riverside project. Historically part of the county of Somerset, Bath was made a county borough in 1889 and hence independent of the newly created administrative Somerset county council. Bath became part of Avon when that non-metropolitan county was created in 1974. Since the abolition of Avon in 1996, Bath has been the main centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (BNES). Bath remains, however, in the ceremonial county of Somerset, though not within the administrative non-metropolitan county of Somerset. Spatial Integration of Bath City: The Spatial Integration of the Bath city will also be analysed with the help of city landuse assessment method and the changes in it with time and the spatial planning tools techniques, which are used for the integration of the city will be analysed. The Bath city is now days under a unitary authority Bath North East Somerset Council (BANES or BNES) which was created in 1st April, 1996. The total area under authority is 220 Sq. Miles and city of Bath is the principle settlement in the district. The Former Bath City Council prepared Local plan as a Statutory Local plan in accordance with the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, as amended by the Planning and Compensation Act 1991. The Plan guides development in the City of Bath up to 2001 with the co-ordination of public and private investment decisions. This Local Plan supersedes the Bath City Plan that was adopted by the City Council in June 1990. But after objections, ratifications modifications at different stages, On 12 June 1996 a letter was received by the Council from the Government Office for the South West on behalf of the Secretary of State for the Environment stating that the Bath Local Plan was now in accordance with the Direction which was henceforth lifted. The Council issued its Notice of Adoption of the Bath Local Plan on 20 June 1996. Bath and North East Somerset Council adopted this Plan on 20th June 1996 and it now forms part of the statutory Development Plan for the new Authority. The Plan was, however, progressed through all the formal procedures outlined above by the former City Council, and it has been considered appropriate to retain the text which was the subject of public consultation and examination, including references to the City Council. These references will serve as a reminder that the Policies are applicable only within the City of Bath, but it should be understood that in most instances the Council referred to is that of Bath and North East Somerset. However a High Court Challenge in August 1996 resulted in Bath and North East Somerset Council having to re-adopt the Plan on 19 June 1997. The Bath and North East Somerset (BANES) council prepared a Local plan which is adopted in October 2007; establish a robust policy framework to provide clarity for all those involved in the development process. The Local Plan includes other spatial planning tools techniques like Public consultations, Government Guidance, the Joint Replacement Structure Plan, the Council`s Local Transport Plan the Strategies of the Council (Community Strategy, National and Regional Planning Guidance) and other organisations etc. The Local plan sets out the key objectives for the development of policies in different aspects: Living and Working (Social Inclusion, Resources, Housing, Economy, Urban Rural Areas, Shopping, and Services Leisure), Environmental Assets and Transport Access etc. Housing: Housing Affordability: The Housing section assesses the housing situation of the City of Bath. If we look at the housing scenario of the city, the affordability of housing is least in City of Bath as compared to whole of the district. The following figures represents as: Source: So many people are migrating due to high cost of living in the City of Bath. This is leading to recruitment difficulties and skill shortages which could have a knock-on effect on the local economy. The need for affordable housing (per year) is also much in Bath city as compare to the other areas in the district. The following figures represent it as: Source: The land supply for housing development is also limited in the City of Bath. This places considerable pressure for development both on sites allocated for housing and on other sites in the City to meet the demand for housing. Problems/Issues in City of Bath: In the listed Georgian properties in Bath can resulted in an additional challenges and improvement works due to large number of high risk houses in multiple occupations. Due to the relatively high property values in Bath, the refurbishment of converted buildings often results in higher rents being charged and people are moving off to City of Bath. The problem of decent housing type is also major concern in the private rented sector which is mostly occupied by university students. It includes the Abbey ward in Bath City and Bathavon wards surrounding city. The current and future needs of older residents are generally exceeds then Government funding allocations in housing schemes. Traffic and Transportation: The city of Bath is a small complex city as compared to other cities and it has well defined activities like commercial areas and employment areas. The various sectors of its transportation systems are like parking facilities and public transport services are not only interdependent but all are affected by the other activities and decisions made for them e.g. new developments to meet the housing objectives, conservation of the historic buildings or streets etc. The traffic management system came into force since 1970 rather than building only new roads in the city and at boundaries. The main problem of the City of Bath is the congestion within the city by through traffic because most of the traffic in city has an origin and destination in the city. The following figures show the mode of transport in the City of Bath to travel to work as: The table above represents that the all the residents which are living and working in Bath or outside the city and vice-versa, are mostly dependent upon their own vehicles especially car is the most common mode of travel. But in case of comparison with other area in the district and national level, the figures in following table represents that the residents within Bath are more dependent upon private mode of transport i.e car or on the walk which is much higher as compared to other areas at National level but more interesting point is that the City of Bath has percentage of residents who has no car as compared to other areas and National level. These figures clearly show that the private mode of transport is creating congestion in the City of Bath and through traffic generated by them. Parking and pedestrian safety are also important issues in the City of Bath. Problems/Issues in City of Bath: Traffic problems have been a dominant issue in planning for Bath but the development of new major road schemes within the City is no longer seen as a solution. The emphasis now is on careful management of traffic and the integration of policies for use of land in order to make the best use of existing road space and minimise the congestion, pollution and danger caused by vehicles. The road and rail network are at capacity and congestion across the area is a problem in terms of journey times and public transport travel times, a key impediment to maintaining a healthy economy. Congestion is also affecting air quality and in areas of Bath City Centre air pollution has reached levels that are higher than the Government recommended acceptable limits. The lack of parking spaces and their capacity is also an important issue and recent studies have indicated that there is a greater need for pedestrian management schemes, such as improved signing of information etc, and areas given over to pedestrian priority. Heritage Management: The city is internationally known for its Roman and Georgian heritage and archaeology, its culture as a spa that stretches back over two thousand years, the innovative architecture and town planning, and the harmony between the city and the landscape. The city of Bath was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987 for its unique and outstanding universal value for its Historic character. The city is a blend of history and modern life, continually changing, growing and adapting to modern requirements which attracts approximately 3.7 million tourists each year and lies on strategic road rail transport routes. The City of Bath has a close relationship between the success of modern city and heritage due to the wide range of business, industries and regional centre for employment, shopping and entertainment etc. The City of Bath (World Heritage Site) is vulnerable to change and growth with the time, but this is both inevitable and desirable in a living city. There are threats to the fabric and character of the World Heritage Site and its setting, and uncontrolled or inappropriate change in these areas can become a threat to the very values for which Bath is inscribed as a World Heritage Site. So even to tackle these kinds of situations, the local authorities were much concerned about them. They identified various issues related with the World Heritage Site its management etc. But along with these threats and vulnerabilities, the City of Bath has also many opportunities as a World Heritage Site which are helpful in many ways to the City of Bath. To address those threats and vulnerabilities, incorporating opportunities, The BNES and English Heritage prepared a World Heritage Site Management Plan for the City of Bath for the period of 2003-2009. They have identified various issues which are described as: Problems/Issues in City of Bath: Due to the scale and complexity of site, numbers of people are involved in the management, ownership and cultural assets. So its really an important from management point of view which requires the coordination of a large number of disciplines and agencies The protection of World Heritage Site is achieved only through the planning system of plans and designations so for the appropriate protection, and according to World Heritage Site criteria, a appropriate legal system is required because there are number of actions like risk assessment, mitigation awareness campaigns etc which are necessary for the appropriate protection of World Heritage Site. There are number of planning applications involved in the whole process as general due to the complexity of the site and the number of listed buildings. There are number of new developments on the outskirts of the city which may or are degrade the historic fabric of the World Heritage Site which gives an authenticity and outstanding universal values to the site. So there is a need of development controls in and around the city keeping in mind the character of the city. In the recent times, the condition of contemporary architecture is not good with the test of time other physical changes in climate, due to which it doesnt match with the historic architecture of the city. So its more challenging from integration of contemporary design into a historic environment.

Mitsuyo Maeda :: essays research papers

Mitsuyo Maeda In 1904, "Judo's founder Jigoro Kano sent one of his strongest young judoka, Mitsuyo Maeda (1880-1941) with Jojiro Tomita to the White House to assist in a judo demonstration for President Teddy Roosevelt. After a formal demonstration, an American football player in the audience issued an impromptu challenge." The less adept Tomita took to the floor instead of Maeda. "Tomita failed with a throw and was pinned helplessly beneath the football player's bulk. Maeda, abashed by Tomita's poor showing and frantic to reassert the superiority of Kodokan Judo, stayed on. He persuaded some Japanese businessmen to stake him $1,000 in prize money and embarked on a long career of challenging all comers throughout North and South America. The 5'5'', 154-pound Maeda was said to have engaged in over 1,000 challenge matches, never once losing a judo-style competition and only once or twice suffering defeat as a professional wrestler. In Brazil, where he eventually settled he was feted a s Conte Comte ("Count Combat") and his savage system of fighting, now called 'Gracie Jujutsu,' is employed by certain fighters in present-day 'no-holds-barred' professional matches." 1 B I O G R A P H Y It was Maeda who brought Jiu-Jitsu to Brazil. As a member of the Kodokan, Maeda went to America with his kohai Satake, etc. as Judo ambassadors. He was said to have fought more than 100 fights and in Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America, he was respected as Count Koma (Conde Koma). Maeda was born in Aomori Prefecture in 1878. When he was a boy, he learned Tenshin (Tenshin Shin'yo) Jiu-Jitsu. He moved to Tokyo when he was about 18 and went to Tokyo Senmon School. He began practicing Judo and a record of him entering the Kodokan is dated 1897. He was very persistant and never gave up on anything. He was naturaly talented in judo and rose through the ranks quickly to establish himself as the most promising young judoka in the Kodokan. Maeda was a small man at 164 cm, 70 kilo. In 1904, he travelled to the U.S. with one of his instructors, Tsunejiro Tomita. The first and only place they demonstrated judo together was at the U.S. Army academy in West Point. Contrary to what has been published, they never went to the White House to meet the President, Teddy Roosevelt. It was the Kodokan great, Yoshitsugu Yamashita who taught Roosevelt judo at the White House and later engaged in a match with a wrestler nearly twice his size at Roosevelt's request, which took place at the U.

Absurdity in Beckett’s Endgame

Bucket's â€Å"Endgame† explores an existence in an era when the importance of being Is Incessantly challenged by man's newfound recognition of the universes absurdity and lack of observable meaning, Written In 1957, the context of the world at the time of this works creation sheds much insight on its themes. In a time of continuous social and technological change scientific observations began yielding a more accurate picture of causality for the world and its phenomena; and the concept of god became ever less relevant. The recent world wars had left ruins in not only cities, but in the concepts driving the nature of man.With the Implicit destruction of deities and sets of traditional rules to govern man's behavior, humanity found Itself at a need to define a different purpose to Its existence. Enter existentialism: A belief in existence despite any discernible meaning, existence for its own sake; heralding with it an implied freedom of choice in both perception and action. As with the then contemporary world view, the characters in Bucket's â€Å"Endgame† are left to survive in the wake of a crumbled world. Free to devise their own world view, the characters respond by developing life affirming routines – mistreating that creation persists even In destruction.Destruction, It would seem does not eliminate an object or Idea, but only redefines its form, beginning its existence anew. Rather ironically, the play begins with Cool repeating the world â€Å"finished†. Consequently, this theme of beginnings and endings as interrelated, cyclical, mutually necessary, and conclusively futile comes to prevail over the course of the play. As with the classic case of the chicken and the egg, the cyclical pattern of creation and destruction is eternal In Its supposed nature.However, to the AOL of Inciting drama or motivation, a story must begin with destruction; a motif with which â€Å"Endgame† is rife. The very setting of the play Immedia tely evokes a sense of catastrophe and destruction. The lifeless â€Å"bare interior (Endgame, 50) is coupled with the â€Å"nothing† or â€Å"zero† (Endgame, 51) reported outside by Cool to Imply at the decay of a once lively outside world; while the imagery of the stage as a skull (with the two windows acting as eyes and the characters as the thoughts) denote the destruction within.During this unmentioned catastrophe, the characters saw the end f their entire world and way of life; thus being forced to redefine their views and behaviors. The destruction of their past worlds leads the characters to abandon their old ideals and ways of life. The bastardly He doesn't exist. † exclaimed Ham when his prayer went unanswered; showing that even god had died in the wake of Ham's personal disaster. However, these new circumstances work to effectively create a new world for the characters to inhabit – a world as senseless as the last.Whether It Is the story about the tailor, which coupled the end of a period of walling he beginning of the world, Ham and Clove's killing the flea from which they believe humanity may have been reborn (Endgame, 591 or the numerous references to Christ, whose death (and subsequent rebirth) – destructive and creative motifs in Bucket's â€Å"Endgame† are presented in tandem. Interestingly, the cyclical nature of life and death renders itself generally nonsensical and pointless.Surely, if all is to end to be reborn anew then a personally crafted purpose will ultimately remain as to exemplify this notion of a circular existence, with many motifs of rebirth such as Cool always returning. In their awareness of death (their own destruction), Bucket's characters foster eternally static routines that they hope will distract them from their imminent demise. They go through the â€Å"†¦ This farce, day after day† (Endgame, 54), as Nell puts it, because there is nothing else to do but delay the ine vitable while they wait.To that end, Becket makes use of repetitive language to denote the futility and repetitiveness of the cyclical nature of life. The play systematically notes upon and enunciates the characters minutest movements, and repeats their most casual interests: from Ham's insistence on remaining at the center of the room (Endgame, 57); to how many pauses Ham takes in his speech; to how Nell repeats herself to Nag, as in the case of â€Å"April afternoon† (Endgame, 56) . â€Å"Let's my dream. A world where all would be silent and still, and each thing in its last place, under the last dust. † (Endgame, 66) says Cool, expressing a desire for order.Yet Cloves constant tidying seems to have no end in sight; especially if he were to direct his efforts to the destruction outside. This tidy end of which Cool dreams would only yield disappointment as he would have no cleaning duty to occupy him and upon achieving it, his life would again become meaningless. In s uch a way, Cloves vision provides meaning to his trudge, which would otherwise dissipate upon achieving his goal. This focus on repetitive actions that delay the inevitable prohibits the discernment of meaning from these same actions, since there is never a final culmination to assess.Still, even the one example of a final product, is by no means fulfilling. â€Å"Look at the world and look – at my TROUSERS. † (Endgame, 56) Says the tailor in Knell's story, as if to belittle the bounty of the world (tongue in cheek, of ours) in the face the quality of his pants. In this case, as in the case of the characters death delaying routine, no amount of postponement will have made the end result worthy. As such, the play essentially stresses a â€Å"damned if you do, and damned if you don't† scenario by showing how any action will eventually be absolved in futility.The theme of futility ties into the very initial metaphor for ends in beginnings: As Cool mutters â€Å"Fi nished, it's finished, nearly finished, it must be nearly finished. Grain upon grain, one by one, and one day, suddenly, there's a heap, a little heap, the impossible heap. (Endgame, 50), he effectively questions when individual grains live up to the concept of a â€Å"heap. † From this perspective, the heap is an â€Å"impossible† notion, as any single grain is not in itself a heap, and a â€Å"heap† is Just an accumulation of single grains.This view resurfaces yet again, when Ham considers how individual moments make up a life (Endgame, 70). In this instance the analogy maintains that it is an â€Å"impossible† life, consisting not of a life that can be scrutinized as a goal achieved (or not), but of discrete moments that define it (before death terminates it indefinitely). Thus, any creation of meaning incurred during one's life, is presented as ultimately pointless – and only leading to its own destruction with the passing of its believers.Whil e Ham and Cool are in the â€Å"endgame† of their ancient lives, with death lurking around the corner, they are also stuck in a perpetual loop that never allows the to achieve closure. Ham claims he wants to be â€Å"finished,† but admits that he â€Å"hesitate[s]† to do so (Endgame, 51). â€Å"We're not beginning to†¦ To†¦ Mean something? â€Å", Ham wonders, only to be ridiculed by Cool in response him deeply aware of its lack of purpose. Since any ending is also a beginning, there is never any finality, and conclusive meaning is impossible.Besides, any meaning derived would be as shallow as the meaning left behind; while only persisting as long as its belabored. The very expression of Ham's question exemplifies this very struggle; where he delays and repeats words as he attempts to finish the sentence – only to have it become a meaningless gesture in the eyes of Cool. Cool, though aware of the world's absurdity must still subscribe to routi ne. He adheres to the daily procedures of tending to Ham and thus makes it the purpose of his life.Just as death wont arrive to conclude their lives, neither Ham nor Cool can escape existence in catheters presence. Such is the case with Clove's frequent failed attempts to leave the room and Ham's insistence on squashing the flea that might herald with it the human race; the characters appear to fear the destruction of their current realm of existence in favor of another for fear of the new world being worse still. It is consequently implied that the characters loathe the thought of reincarnation into this world; particularly being personally resurrected after death only to face life again.Thus they make an effort to kill all potential propagators of meaningless life such as the â€Å"procreators† that they seek to kill (Endgame, 73), or the incident with the flea the flea: â€Å"But humanity might start from there all over again! Catch him, for the love of God! † (Endg ame, 59) screams Ham, in chase of the flea. In exploring the cyclical nature of destruction and creation, â€Å"Endgame† notes on the futility inherent to the process. The cyclical nature of destruction and creation is rendered meaningless by the very definition of its continuity.Seeing the meaning seep from their previous existence, the characters come to realism that any new purpose will be as unfailing and mortal as the last. In the process of finding purpose in an existence doomed to meaningless, the characters come to occupy their time with senseless repetition that they both despise, and require. In true existentialist fashion, they deem all actions pointless, but are unwilling to stop making them while they still can. This play goes to show that meaning is what you make of it, and that there are no winners at the end of this absurd game called life.

Summarize King’s Arguments

The purpose of this essay paper is to examine Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail.   The paper will examine parts of King as a preacher as well as an advocate for Civil Rights.   His use of dictation and dialogue to the people will be a major point in this paper.   Not only will King’s writing present the inner teachings of King’s strive for equality among all people and the way in which humanity suffers but the predicament of racism during the Civil Right’s Movement will also be a major theme in this paper as it applies to King’s work. By indicating that he is a â€Å"fellow clergyman†, King tells the members of the local parishes that they should respect him. King calls the other clergymen â€Å"men of genuine good† and calls their intentions sincere. This is to set his argument as one of discourse, rather than an attack. King tells of his position to indicate his reasoning for being in Alabama. It is his duty to see that all Southern states are represented by the conference. The rationale behind the current War on Terror follows this motif. Between the negotiations and the demonstrations, King began a series of workshops on non-violence. Then he followed that by a Christmas season boycott of local stores.   â€Å"Justice too long delayed, is justice denied† is the most personally inspiring pathos King included here. This simple phrase sums the whole of the civil rights movement. A white moderate is a person of Caucasian descent who is â€Å"more concerned with order than justice.† King finds fault in their logic. He feels that they are deluded into believing that stability of society is safer than justice for all people. They believe that â€Å"the Negro should wait† for a better time to assert their rights. King also feels that â€Å"lukewarm acceptance is much more frustrating than outright rejection.† Another group that disappoints King is the white Christians who fail to support his efforts. King was disappointed that his non-violent efforts were seen as extremist actions. He also felt disappointed with is inability to motivate the white Christians to his cause. Because the modern manifestation of the Christian church had lost its sacrificial nature and its authenticity. The early days of the American Civil Rights movement were days of non-violent protests. The simple acts, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Freedom Marches, used large numbers of Black Americans in ways that affected the white establishment economically and morally to achieve change. However, as the movement went on, increasing numbers of Black Americans began to become disenfranchised with the non-violence, and almost placating nature of the movement under Martin Luther King Jr. and others. This feeling of powerlessness led to the formation of a more militant movement. The birth of the Black Panthers, and other Black Power organizations, came from frustration at the slowness of change seen through the non-violent protests as well as from the emerging black identity of strength, confidence and power. The other influence which created the Black Power movement was the understanding of many black American youth, that the deaths of African-Americans meant nothing to the American population as a whole. The deaths of many blacks, directly resulting from racial murders and revenge for Civil Rights protests, garnered next to no reaction from the public at large. In contrast, the deaths of white Americans, even if suspected to be by a black man, would create mass outrage. King was troubled by the clergy’s praising of the Birmingham Police for â€Å"keeping order†. However, with the dogs attacking the non-violent protestors, King felt that they should have instead commented on the â€Å"Negro sit-Inners†. This disproportionate standard nurtured a feeling that without strong leadership, and defense, the black man would lose the escalating war for civil liberties. While the motives and actions of the nationwide Student Non-violent Coordination Committee saw small victories throughout the country, its lack of firm power at local levels left many, especially non-student American blacks, without a cause to follow. The growing feeling of separation within the Civil Rights movement itself began to cause stratification within the movement. The emergence of SNCC leader, Stokely Carmichael, was the first major break within the SNCC. Carmichael, as described by Allen Matusow, was â€Å"[h]andsome, volatile, eloquent and fearless [and] became a magnet in the SNCC for the militant and proto-nationalists†. (Matusow 1984, 352) The rise of Carmichael was solidified, when in May of 1966, Carmichael and his adherents successfully took over the SNCC from its former, and far more docile leader John Lewis. This allowed for Carmichael to issue the call for all â€Å"black Americans to begin building independent political, economic and cultural institutions that will control and use as instruments of social chance in this country†. (Matusow 354) The many and diverse organizations that were created during the civil rights movement of the 1960’s, each, in their own ways, effected the outcome of that decade. Some of the organizations based their philosophies on empowerment, others on revenge, and still others on the legal advocacy of oppressed individuals. However, one group, in particular, was involved in the most trying and violent events of the movement – and maintained their stand for non-violent protest to effect change. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was founded by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1957. The organization functioned as â€Å"as an umbrella organization of affiliates, rather than seeking individual membership†. (King Encyclopedia) This allowed the SCLC to gain influence in multiple states. King used the ability of the SCLC to enter the fray of Birmingham Alabama in 1963. The union of blacks churches throughout the Southern States, allowed for a strong base of support for King’s non-violent confrontation of the white establishment. Though his work would see him arrested, and many of his fellow protestors beaten, injured and even hospitalized, the basic ideal of the SCLC never wavered. During the height of the civil rights movement, the rise of the concept of Black Power – a more militant and empowered movement – began to take hold in many American cities. The direct assault on the established power of white America that the Black Panther Party promised influenced many young blacks to follow their ideology. This became a struggling point for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, in that their strict adherence to the non-violent messages of Martin Luther King Jr. were increasingly being seen as weak. Also, the dependence that the SCLC had on the white churches of the South was also seen as a problem point for many in the movement. Despite the hurdles that the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was forced to confront, they ideology of King’s vision was maintained – even after his assassination. The death of King was a strong blow against the organization. The momentum that the group had gained under the guidance of Martin Luther King Jr. was stalled and the group nearly imploded. However, the words of King lived on through his death. In his final speech, the evening before his murder, King rallied the minds and emotions of his followers. The words of the speech, which came to be known as the â€Å"Promised Land† speech, spoke of his eventual death. Through his final words, King told his followers that the life of a man is meaningless without that man having lived up to his potential. The work of King, and the SCLC, continues to this day. And though, there are organizations which are more recognized, such as the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference confronted the face of oppression directly, and without violent retaliation. The ability for the organization to achieve its goals, and see the world that King envisioned, allows them to be seen as the most effective of the era. WORK CITED King, Martin Luther. â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†. Estate of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Martin Luther King Jr. April 16, 1963. â€Å"Southern Christian Leadership Conference: SCLC†. The King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encyclopedia. The King Center. Date of Access: March 30,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2006.